By Sydney Armstrong
The are many nativity scenes of European and American origin, made since the 17th century, but few are as spectacular and moving as the Neapolitan Creche on display at Chicago’s Art Institute. Crafted in the late 18th century in Naples, the display shows over 200 terra cotta figurines. The figures were hand-painted by local artisans with exquisite outfits of silk and muslin. They are all shown in action, from angels to the Holy Family to citizens of Naples from all walks of life, all drawn to the coming of the Savior.
Angie of Madonna and child
In the lower level of the creche are scenes of daily life, including a tavern, a country pasture and a lively street scene full of vendors. The Holy Family and the angels occupy the upper register, with Jesus on Mary’s lap and Joseph standing over them. Other figures represent people foreign to Naples, dressed in Islamic garb. Although Muslims and other nationals had lived in Naples for generations by the time this display was made, Neapolitans tended to regard them as “exotics” as they were non-Christian and non-European.
Angels
The making of the creche was a community-wide endeavor, with figures and back drops made by renowned sculptors and part-time artisans, from textile manufacturers to nuns in local convents. For example, there is in the front of the creche a figure of a young woman with an outfit made from a Bible page, perhaps by a nun in a local convent. In the upper register is the Holy Family, the Three Wise Men and angels and shepherds. These most sacred figures could perhaps have been done by a well-known local sculptor. Angels are held up by wires, all in attendance on the Baby Jesus. Turkish figurines are to the lower right of the Holy Family, included perhaps by the Neapolitan community’s interest in Janissary music, the music of elite Turkish soldiers who served the Sultan.
Horse and groom from crèche
All these captivating figures are there to be seen by the interested viewer. Discover the rare figurines in this fascinating tableau from the Baroque era.
The Neapolitan Creche is on display at the Art Institute until January 5, 2026.
